BEFORE KNOWING THE DOSAGE FORMS WE SHOULD KNOW WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRUGS AND ADDITIVES
DRUGS -
Drugs may be defined as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease.
ADDITIVES -
The different kind of non-drug inert components which are added to the main drug components are called additives.
The additives provides formulation a particular shape, increases stability and palatability as well as give more elegance to the preparation.
DOSAGE FORMS -
The dosage forms are carrier through which drug molecules are delivered to the site of action within the body.
Every dosage forms is a combination of a drug and different kind of non-drug components (additives)
LETS KNOW WHY THE DOSAGE FORMS ARE NECESSARY
- It prevents drug from oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis.
i.e. - COATED AND SEALED TABLETS
- It protects the drug from gastric juices.
i.e. - ENTERIC COATED TABLETS
- To conceal bitter, salty, obnoxious taste of a drug.
i.e. - CAPSULES, COATED TABLETSAND FLAVOURED SYRUP
- To provide drug for insertion in the body cavities.
i.e. - SUPPOSITORIES
The dosage forms are mainly of three types :-
- Solid dosage form
- Liquid dosage form
- Semisolid dosage form
These dosage forms are further divided into sub categories :-
SOLID DOSAGE FORM
- UNIT DOSAGE FORM - Tablets
- Powders
- Capsules
- Pills
- BULK DOSAGE FORM - Internal - Fine powders
- Granules and effervescent granules
- External - Dusting powders
- Insufflation
- Dentifrices
LIQUID DOSAGE FORM
- Monophasic - Internal - Syrups
- Elixir
- Linctus
- Drops
- External - Eye and nasal drop
- Liniments
- Gargles
- Throat paints
- Mouth wash
- Biphasic - Emulsion
- Suspension
SEMI SOLID DOSAGE FORM
- Internal - Suppositories
- Pessaries
- External - Ointments
- Creams
- Pastes
- Jellies
SOLID DOSAGE FORM -
TABLETS - Tablets are solid unit dosage forms. These are basically compressed form of active drug and additive. These can be cylindrical, oval and biconcave.
CAPSULES - Capsules are unit dosage form in which the active drug is enclosed in a gelatin capsule. The gelatin capsule has 2 parts one wider part which cap and the narrow or thin part which is body
The process of capsule formation is called encapsulation.
POWDERS - The pharmaceutical powders is define as a dry, solid substance, composed of finely divided drug with or without excipients and intended for internal or external use.
It is a solid substance in finely divided state typically obtained by crushing, grinding, or comminuting.
PILLS - As same as tablets. These are also solid unit dosage forms.
DUSTING POWDERS - These are meant for external use and applied to the skin. These are present in very fine state of subdivision to avoid local irritation.
The dusting powders should be passed through 80 seive to enhance effectiveness.
The dusting powders are of two types -
Medical dusting powders - It is used for superficial skin condition.
Surgical dusting powders - It is used in body cavities and major wounds as a result of burns and umbilical cord of infants.
INSUFFLATIONS - These are medicated dusting powder meant for introduction into the body cavities such as nose, throat, ears and vagina with the help of an apparatus known as "Insufflator".
It spray powder into a stream of finely divided particles all over the site of application.
SNUFFS - These are finely divided solid dosage form of medicament which are inhaled into nostril for its antiseptic, bronchodilator and decongestion.
DENTIFRICES - These are applied with the help of a tooth brush for cleaning the surface of teeth.
LIQUID DOSAGE FORM -
LINIMENTS - Liniments or embrocation is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin.
LOTIONS - A lotion is a low to medium-viscosity medicated or non medicated topical preparation, intended for application to unbroken skin.
GARGLES - A solution for rinsing the mouth and throat. To rinse the mouth and throat by holding a solution in the open mouth and agitating it by expulsion of air from the lungs.
THROAT PAINTS - These are viscous liquid preparation used for mouth and throat infections.
MOUTH WASH - These are medicated liquid used for cleaning the mouth and treating disorders of the oral mucosa also known as mouth rinse.
SYRUPS - Syrup is a medicine in the form of a thick liquid containing a sugar solution.
The concentration of sugar is 66 % w/w.
ELIXIRS - These are hydro alcoholic liquid for oral use.
LINCTUS - Medicine in the form of syrup used to release cough and sore throats.
LOTIONS - These are liquid preparation meant for external application without friction. They are applied direct to the skin with the help of some absorbent material such as cotton wool or gauze soaked in it.
EMULSIONS - An emulsion is an biphasic liquid preparation which contains two immiscible liquids one which is dispersed as minute globules into the other.
Emulsions are of two types -
Oil in water emulsion - In this water is in continuous phase where as oil is in dispersed phase.
Water in oil emulsion - In this oil is in continuous phase where as water is in dispersed phase.
SUSPENSION - These are also biphasic liquid dosage form of medicament in which finely divided solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or semi solid vehicle.
SEMI SOLID DOSAGE FORM -
OINTMENT - These are semi-solid preparation meant for application to the skin or mucous membrane.
SUPPOSITORIES - A suppositories is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body cavities where it is dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects.
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